Which type of sterilization process uses steam under pressure?

The process that utilizes steam under pressure is autoclaving. Autoclaving is a widely accepted method for sterilization, particularly in healthcare settings. This process involves placing instruments or materials inside a pressure chamber that heats water to develop steam. The steam effectively penetrates items, and at a high enough temperature (usually around 121–134 degrees Celsius or 250–273 degrees Fahrenheit), it destroys microorganisms, including spores, ensuring a high level of sterility.

This method is favored due to its efficacy, speed, and ability to sterilize a wide variety of materials. Moreover, the use of steam allows for the penetration of heat and moisture, which is critical for achieving sterilization in porous materials compared to methods that rely on dry heat or chemicals. Thus, autoclaving is considered the gold standard for sterilizing surgical instruments and other medical equipment, making it an essential part of sterile processing in healthcare.