Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions?

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The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions that occur within the body. This includes functions such as heartbeat, digestion, and respiratory rate, which operate without conscious effort. The autonomic nervous system regulates internal processes to maintain homeostasis, allowing the body to automatically respond to changes in the environment.

This system is subdivided into two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes 'rest and digest' activities. The autonomic nervous system operates largely below the level of conscious awareness, making it distinct from the other parts of the nervous system.

In contrast, the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for processing information and coordinating responses, but it is not specifically tasked with involuntary control. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) encompasses all nerves outside the CNS and is a communication pathway between the CNS and the rest of the body. The somatic nervous system, part of the PNS, controls voluntary movements and responses. Thus, the involuntary actions are specifically managed by the autonomic nervous system, making it the correct choice in this context.

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