What is the primary function of a capsule in bacteria?

Study for the Sterile Processing Technician Exam. Review flashcards and multiple choice questions, with hints and explanations for each question. Prepare for your certification exam!

The primary function of a capsule in bacteria is to provide protection against phagocytosis. Bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharides and, in some cases, polypeptides that form a thick outer layer around the cell wall. This structure serves to enhance the bacterium's virulence by creating a physical barrier that hinders the ability of the immune system's phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, to recognize and engulf the bacterial cell.

In addition to aiding in evasion of the immune response, a capsule can also help bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, which can be crucial for colonization and infection. While other functions such as reproduction, energy production, and contributing to antibiotic resistance are important for bacterial biology, they are not the primary role of capsules. Capsules specifically enhance a bacterium's ability to survive and thrive in hostile environments, particularly those involving immune defense mechanisms.

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